14.4 tonne - Doosan DX140LC-5 Excavator
Maximum power: 115 hp
Operating weight: 14.4 t
Max. bucket capacity: 0.76 m³
The Doosan DX140LC-5 is a 14.4 tonne (operating weight) tracked excavator which we offer on a self-drive or operated basis. For our up-to-date prices please call T:01482 319480. hiredesk@headlandplant.co.uk
The information below is provided by the manufacturer. This may vary depending on the year of the machine.
Dimensions:
| One-piece boom | |||
| Boom length - mm | 4600 | ||
| Arm length - mm | 2100 | 2500 | 3000 |
| Bucket capacity - m³ | 0.59 | 0.51 | 0.45 |
| A Tail swing radius - mm | 2205 | 2205 | 2205 |
| B Shipping height (boom) - mm | 2480 | 2635 | 3065 |
| C Shipping height (hose) - mm | 2640 | 2820 | 3180 |
| D Shipping length - mm | 7690 | 7685 | 7640 |
| E Shipping width - mm | 2590 | 2590 | 2590 |
| F Counterweight clearance - mm | 895 | 895 | 895 |
| G Height over cab - mm | 2785 | 2785 | 2785 |
| H House width - mm | 2540 | 2540 | 2540 |
| I Cab height above house - mm | 840 | 840 | 840 |
| J Cab width - mm | 1010 | 1010 | 1010 |
| K Tumbler distance - mm | 3035 | 3035 | 3035 |
| L Track length - mm | 3755 | 3755 | 3755 |
| M Undercarriage width std - mm | 2590 | 2590 | 2590 |
| N Shoe width std. - mm | 600 | 600 | 600 |
| O Track height - mm | 795 | 795 | 795 |
| P Ground clearance - mm | 410 | 410 | 410 |
* Digging forces (ISO)
| One-piece boom | |||
| Boom length - mm | 4600 | ||
| Arm length - mm | 2100 | 2500 | 3000 |
| Bucket capacity - m³ | 0.59 | 0.51 | 0.45 |
| BUCKET (Normal/Press. Up) - ton |
10.5 / 11 | 10.5 / 11 | 10.5 / 11 |
| ARM (Normal/Press. Up) - ton |
7.2 / 7.7 | 6.2 / 6.5 | 5.6 / 6.0 |
Working range:
| One-piece boom | |||
| Boom length - mm | 4600 | ||
| Arm length - mm | 2100 | 2500 | 3000 |
| Bucket capacity - m³ | 0.59 | 0.51 | 0.45 |
| A Max. digging reach - mm | 7815 | 8285 | 8665 |
| B Max. digging reach (ground) - mm | 7660 | 8140 | 8530 |
| C Max. digging depth - mm | 5235 | 5635 | 6135 |
| D Max. loading height - mm | 5865 | 6315 | 6440 |
| E Min. loading height - mm | 2575 | 2230 | 1725 |
| F Max. digging height - mm | 8150 | 8660 | 8745 |
| G Max. bucket pin height - mm | 7080 | 7535 | 7655 |
| H Max. vertical wall depth - mm | 3710 | 4495 | 4685 |
| I Max. radius vertical - mm | 5745 | 5605 | 5970 |
| J Max. digging depth (8´level) - mm | 4910 | 5395 | 5890 |
| K Min. radius 8´line - mm | 1805 | 1915 | 1825 |
| L Min. swing radius - mm | 2285 | 2600 | 2625 |
| d Bucket angle - ° | 174 | 174 | 174 |
Lifting capacities
1. Lifting capacities are in compliance with ISO 10567:2007(E).
2. The load point is at the end of the arm.
3. * = The nominal loads are based on hydraulic capacity.
4. The nominal loads shown do not exceed 75% of tipping loads or 87% of hydraulic lifting capacity.
5. For lifting capacity with bucket, simply subtract the actual weight of the bucket from the values.
6. The configurations indicated do not necessarily reflect the standard equipment of the machine.
About Doosan Group
* The Doosan Group - founded in 1896 and headquartered in Seoul, South Korea - is one of the fastest-growing companies in the world:
• With more than 37,500 employees in 38 countries, we are a major player in a variety of industries worldwide.
• A global leader in the Infrastructure Support Business (ISB), with 56 subsidiaries and 3,700 distributors worldwide.
• Dramatic growth over the past two decades, with an annual Doosan Group revenue rising from €2.4 billion in 1998 to
€12.8 billion in 2016.
Doosan Infracore
• Among the world's Top 5 manufacturers of construction equipment
Doosan Bobcat
• A leading company in the design, manufacture, marketing, distribution and service of small equipment and attachments for construction, agriculture, and landscaping
• Leading position in the global compact equipment market
• N° 1 in North America for SSL, CTL and MEX
Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction
• World N° 1 in desalination plant construction
• World N° 1 in heat recovery steam generator market
• World N° 1 in mould & tool steel
• World N° 3 in crankshafts
Doosan Engineering & Construction
A pioneering leader in construction of residential and public buildings, civil works and industrial facilities.
• World N° 1 chemical process equipment products
Raise profits, productivity & fuel efficiency
* High productivity & low cost of ownership
Delivers higher productivity & reduced fuel consumption in an efficient & comfortable work environment.
* Reliability: Reinforced castings and forged steel pivot points and reinforced heavy-duty arm and boom to withstand high-impact materials. Large, robust boom and arm cylinders for smooth, powerful operation. Advanced pin & bushing technology.
* Productivity: State-of-the-art bucket and arm digging forces.
* Safety: Rear camera and large side mirrors, powerful lighting, & anti-slip steps and platforms. Guard rails on upper structure.
* Special applications: Two-piece boom and dozer blade configurations are ideally suited for special applications. Additionally, rubber pads are available as option.
* Easy-to-use attachments: Set flow & pressure of the auxiliary lines directly from the control panel. Additionally, 10 pre-sets are available to record specific settings.
* Comfort: One of the most spacious cabs in the market, with low noise & vibration levels and excellent all-round visibility. Fully adjustable heated air suspension seat, air conditioning with climate control as standard.
* Controllability: Exclusive jog shuttle switch, 4 work & 4 power modes, proportional control, user-friendly 7” TFT LCD colour monitor.
* Power: Exceptionally powerful - with high torque at low revs - the Stage IV compliant Perkins engines are free from Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and associated regeneration system for more fuel efficiency.
* Efficient fuel management: A new SPC (Smart Power Control) system, combined with settable engine shut-off, provides an additional reduction of up to 3%.
* Electric fan clutch: For optimum cooling, fan speed is controlled electronically by a fan clutch, resulting in lower fan noise and better fuel efficiency.
* Advanced filtration: Highest efficiency filters & cleaners remove water, dust &
particles to protect your investment optimally.
* Easy maintenance: Easy access to all compartments. Maintenance data directly available from control panel.
* Undercarriage durability: Forged steel and deephardened top rollers – oil-lubricated rollers – heattreated sprockets – deep-hardened, heat-treated, grease lubricated & longer life track chains.
Rubber pads: Ideal for urban applications with their low ground disturbance, rubber pads are available as option.
Top performance and fuel efficiency
* The power to raise productivity
The DX140LC-5 takes even the heaviest tasks in its stride with efficient, dependable performance that saves you time
and money:
• Improved hydraulic system uses the engine power more effectively, maximising pump output and offering more
comfort, smoothness and accuracy
• Increased digging power, lifting capacities and traction force combine for performance you can rely on, day after day
• Greater fuel efficiency means you can keep costs down and reduce environmental impact
OPTIMISED POWER MANAGEMENT
The DX140LC-5 is equipped with a Perkins engine. Famous for excellent fuel efficiency, reliability and long service life, it combines exceptional power output and high torque at low revs. Engine is fitted with common rail fuel injection combined with an wastegate turbocharger which increases the density of the air enabling the engine to produce more power.
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) technology - combined with a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) - ensures compliance with Stage IV regulations. As there is no need for a particulate filter, there is no need for regeneration.
If the engine is the heart of the excavator, the e-EPOS is its brain - providing a perfectly synchronised communication link between the engine’s ECU (Electronic Control Unit) and the hydraulic system. A CAN (Controller Area Network) system enables a constant flow of information between engine and hydraulic system, so that power is delivered exactly as needed.
EFFICIENT FUEL MANAGEMENT
• Choice between 4 power modes and 4 working modes guarantees optimum performance in all conditions
• SPC (Smart Power Control): reduces engine RPM during low load demand & ensures pump torque control, thus ensuring fuel efficiency and low emissions
• Engine auto-shut-off: shuts down the engine after the machine has been idling for a specified time
• Electronic control of fuel consumption optimises efficiency
• Auto-idle function saves fuel
• Eco guidance in real time: eco gauge provides information about fuel consumption relative to machine performance in real-time. By trying to keep the right-hand LED bar from rising, the operator can teach himself how to save fuel and work efficiently
• For optimum cooling, fan speed is controlled by a viscous clutch resulting in a lower fan noise & better fuel efficiency
Operating in comfort
* The ideal workspace – designed around you
The DX140LC-5 is designed to provide you with the best possible working conditions. The pressurised cab is ISOcertified for your safety. Its spacious interior offers a fully adjustable, heated air suspension seat. Comfortably seated, you have easy access to several storage compartments and a clear all-round view of the worksite. Noise and vibration
levels have been reduced, while air conditioning and automatic climate control allow you to keep working for hours on
end without feeling tired.
Best-in-class operator environment
Doosan Crawler Excavators are powered by industry-leading engines that save on fuel and meet the latest Stage IV European regulations in addition to all noise regulations.
The low levels of cab vibration and noise provide exceptional operator
comfort - and the cab air is filtered to ensure a healthy work environment.
Straight travel pedal
For straight machine movement – ensures comfort during on hill operation or front equipment combined movements such as boom/arm or boom/swing.
Two-way proportional pedal
For maximum comfort when operating attachments - operator can easily set his preference in the control panel to operate with the rollers on joystick or with the pedal.
Heated air suspension seat (standard)
In addition to being adjustable and providing lumbar support, the seat has an air suspension system to reduce vibrations. It also features a seat heating system (activated at the touch of a button). A storage box has been placed under the seat for extra convenience.
Air conditioning with climate control
The operator can choose from 5 different modes to regulate the airflow, while the system adjusts the air temperature & fan speed to maintain the operator’s selected temperature. A recirculated air function is also available.
MP3/USB radio
Optional MP3/USB radio or MP3/USB radio with CD player.
Storage space
The new cab contains 7 storage compartments including one hot/cool box (linked to the HVAC system).
CabSus mount
The cab's new suspension system (CabSus mount) dampens high vibrations and provides outstanding protection against impact. The system absorbs shocks and vibrations much more effectively than a conventional viscous suspension system.
1. Large sun roof
2. Sun visor
3. Storage compartment for sunglasses
4. Window grip
5. Hot/cool box
6. Upper front window is strut-assisted for easy, reliable adjustment and
integrates a sun shade
7. Photo sensor detects radiant energy from the sun and adjusts temperature
automatically
8. Improved visibility on the bottom right
9. Joysticks and switches are integrated in adjustable control consoles
10. Separate seat height adjustment lever and cushion tilting function
11. Pedal for auxiliary control 1 & 2 ways
12. Straight ergonomic pedals
13. Flat, spacious, easy-to-clean floor
14. Engine emergency stop switch
15. Two-piece boom or straight travel pedal
Total control in all simplicity
The highest standards of efficiency at your fingertips
The advanced & user-friendly technologies are just some of the many advantages of this generation. The ergonomic controls and the easy-to-view colour monitor place the machine firmly in your hands.
• The new multi-function 7" TFT LCD monitor displays a comprehensive range of useful technical information, allowing you to check the machine’s status and settings at a glance
• Highly sensitive & low-effort joysticks and clear convenient controls enable you to work safely, smoothly & confidently with minimum effort for increased comfort, efficiency and production
• Doosan’s unique jog shuttle switch gives you easy, precise control over all machine functions
• Proportional auxiliary flow means precision control, smoothness & efficiency when using attachments.
TFT LCD colour monitor panel
The upgraded 7” Thin-Film-Transistor (TFT is a technology that improves image quality) LCD panel features a day and night display. The userfriendly monitor gives full access to machine settings and maintenance data. Any abnormality is clearly displayed on the screen, allowing you to work safely and confidently with an accurate overview of all conditions. All functions are totally controllable, directly via the screen or using the exclusive jog shuttle switch.
1. Fuel consumption level: current, total & daily average fuel consumption
2. Fuel level
3. AdBlue® level
4. Eco symbol: changes colour when operating conditions change (idle, normal or loading)
5. Eco gauge: shows the average fuel efficiency
6. Engine coolant and hydraulic oil temperatures
7. Warning symbols
8. New shortcut menu: displayed on the right for rapid access to main functions
9. Optional anti-theft password-controlled starting
10. Filter oil information
11. Attachment management: stores up to 10 different attachment presets, enabling the operator to set hydraulic flow & pressure according to his needs
Dynamic power management
• Automatic travel speed function
• Activating the power boost control system increases digging force by 10%
• A one-touch deceleration button immediately reduces engine speed to low or idle
• Auto-idling starts 4 seconds after all controls are returned to neutral - decreasing fuel consumption and reducing noise levels in the cab
Intelligent floating boom mode (optional)
The "intelligent floating boom" function allows the boom to move up & down freely according to application:
• Hydraulic breaker setting: during boom down operation the boom
moves down freely under its own weight, which reduces vibration, stress on the machine & increases breaker life
• Fully floating mode: during boom down selection the boom is allowed to rise & fall as required while the bucket is drawn across the ground
4 Work modes & 4 Power modes
Deliver the needed power according to your specific application while minimising fuel consumption:
• 1-way mode, 2-way mode, Digging mode and Lifting mode
• Power-plus mode, Power mode, Standard mode, Economy mode
1. Power Boost switch & One-touch deceleration switch
2. Thumb wheel switch allow proportional control of attachments
3. ”Short stroke” joysticks enable easy, precise control of all operations
4. Exclusive jog shuttle switch
5. Automatic travel speed switch
6. Working lights switch
7. Climate control & HVAC
8. Remote control of radio
9. Wipers control
10. Power socket 12V
Simple control: Doosan's exclusive jog shuttle switch for easy and precise control over all machine functions.
Your safety: standard cab and boom lights, large side mirrors and rear view camera improve all-round visibility and thus safety. Other standard safety features: anti-slip plates, automatic overheating alarm warning, low oil pressure sensor, engine emergency cut-off switch, auxiliary mode switch (allows a safe level of hydraulics operation in case of EPOS failure), overload warning device. Optional travel/swing alarm and side view camera are also available.
Reliability, the habit of a lifetime
Designed for long-term all-round heavy duty performance
In your profession, you need equipment you can depend on. At Doosan, we use highly specialised design and analysis tools to make sure our machines are as robust and durable as can be. Our materials and structures undergo stringent
testing for strength and resilience under the most extreme conditions. And we continually manufacture the most durable machines to ensure lower cost of ownership.
Extra-strong X-chassis
Designed using Finite Element Analysis and 3D computer simulation, the X-shaped undercarriage ensures optimum structural integrity and durability.
Undercarriage durability
• The chain is composed of sealed, self-lubricating links for long-term dependability
• The track spring and idler are joined for long-lasting performance and easy maintenance
• Cast steel heavy-duty sprockets guarantee the highest resistance
• Track rollers lubricated for life
Strengthened boom & arm
Finite Element Analysis has been used to calculate the best load distribution throughout the boom structure. Combined with thicker material, this means that element fatigue is limited and both reliability and component life are increased.
To better protect the base of the arm, reinforced bars have been added and the arm centre and end boss have been strengthened.
Advanced filtration
• Fuel filters & water separator: a filter-type high-performance water separator effectively captures moisture in the fuel, reducing impurities and helping minimise any fuel-related issues. Pre-filters and dual main filters as standard minimise fuel system failures
• Air cleaner: the large capacity forced air cleaner removes over 99% of airborne particles, reducing the risk of engine contamination and making the cleaning and cartridge change intervals greater
Pin & bushing advanced technology
Highly lubricated metal is used for the boom pivot to increase the component's lifetime and lengthen greasing intervals. The bucket pivot features EM (Enhanced Macrosurface) bushings, which have a tailored surface pattern and self-lubricating coating to optimise greasing and make removal of debris more efficient. Ultra-hard wear-resistant discs & bucket pivot polymer shim increase durability even more.
Reinforced dozer structure
Sturdy & reinforced dozer structure:
• Wide angles of lifting height and digging depth to fit any working site
• Big anchor points for a maximal durability
• Large protection of the cylinders & hoses
• Lifting eyes on dozer for secure transport
• Parts in contact with the ground have been carefully designed to prevent damage to the surface
Simple maintenance with maximum uptime
* Excellent service accessibility
Short maintenance operations at long intervals mean you can depend on your equipment being available on site when it’s needed. Our machines are designed for simple routine maintenance, while skilled Doosan technicians are available to provide extra support, should you need it. Choose the package you need from a broad range of service agreements to get the most out of your machine. Uptime, productivity and residual value are all maximised, making these excavators an economical and rewarding choice.
Maintenance access made simple
• Large guard rails are installed along with anti-slip steps and plates, for safer, easier access to the whole upper structure
• The cab’s air-conditioning filter is lockable and placed on the side of the cab for easy access
• A battery cut-off switch makes it easy to disconnect the battery during long-term storage
• The hour meter display can be easily checked from ground level
• Shut-off valves have been fitted on the pre-filter piping line and fuel tank drain piping to make servicing easier and prevent pollution from leakage
• Engine parts can be easily reached via the top and side panels
• For extra accessibility and servicing convenience, all filters (engine oil filter, fuel pre-filter, fuel filter and pilot filter) are located in the pump compartment
Longer service intervals
More than 99.5% of foreign particles are filtered out in oil return filters and engine oil filters - so the oil & filter change interval is longer.
Global Doosan network
With a network of Doosan dealers & Parts Distribution centres worldwide, your Doosan excavator can be serviced & maintained wherever you are.
Full solution provider
• The Doosan Telematic system is available as standard - offering you all of the features for reading out vehicle operating & production parameters remotely, and providing you with complete peace of mind
• Protection+ : extended warranty covering parts, travel and service (check with your local dealer)
• Maintenance contract: your dealer will support you with routine service at regular intervals
• Genuine parts: manufactured and tested to ensure they always meet the same high quality standards as the original components
SCR Tank
Connected to the ECU, sensors in tank detect low level of AdBlue® & any system malfunction
Centralised greasing points
To make maintenance easier, the greasing points have been centralised.
Technical specifications
* Engine
Designed to deliver superior performance and fuel efficiency, the Perkins Stage IV diesel engine fully meets the latest emissions regulations. To optimise machine performance, the engine uses high-pressure fuel injectors, air-to-air inter-cooler and electronic engine controls. 4-Cycle Water-Cooled, Wastegate Turbocharged, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) & Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) with no Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF).
| DX140LC-5 | |
| Model | Perkins 1204F |
| No. of cylinders | 4 |
| Rated power at 2000 rpm | |
| (SAE J1995) | 85.9 kW (115 hp) |
| (SAE J1349) | 81.6 kW (109 hp) |
| Max. torque at 1400 rpm | 51 kgf.m |
| Idle (low - high) | 950 [±10] - 2060 [±25] rpm |
| Piston displacement | 4400 cm³ |
| Bore × stroke | 105 mm × 127 mm |
| Starter | 24 V × 4.5 kW |
| Batteries - Alternator | 2 × 12 V, 100 Ah - 24 V, 85 A |
| Air filter | Double element air cleaner |
* Undercarriage
Extremely robust construction throughout - made of high-quality, durable materials, with all welded structures designed to limit stresses.
- Track rollers lubricated for life
- Idlers and sprockets fitted with floating seals
- Track shoes made of induction-hardened alloy with triple grouser
- Heat-treated connecting pins
- Hydraulic track adjuster with shock-absorbing tension mechanism
* Number of rollers and track shoes per side
| DX140LC-5 | |
| Upper rollers (standard shoe) | 1 |
| Lower rollers | 7 |
| Number of links & shoes per side | 46 |
| Link pitch | 171 mm |
| Tumbler distance (std) | 2780 mm |
Hydraulic system
The e-EPOS (Electronic Power Optimising System) is the brain of the excavator minimising fuel consumption and enabling the efficiency of the hydraulic system to be optimised for all working conditions. To harmonise the operation of the engine and the hydraulics, the e-EPOS is connected to the engine’s electronic control unit (ECU) via a data transfer link.
- The hydraulic system enables independent or combined operations
- 2 travel speeds offer either increased torque or high speed
- Cross-sensing pump system for fuel savings
- Auto-deceleration system
- 4 operating modes, 4 power modes
- Flow and pressure control of auxiliary hydraulic circuits from control panel
- Computer-aided pump flow control
* Pumps & system pressure
| DX140LC-5 | |
| Main pumps, type: | 2 × variable displacement |
| axial piston pumps | |
| Maximum flow at 2000 rpm | 2 × 114 l/min |
| Pilot pump, type: | Gear pump |
| Maximum flow at 2000 rpm | 30 l/min |
| Relief valve settings: | |
| Pressure up | 350 kg/cm² |
| Travel | 330 kg/cm² |
| Swing | 275 kg/cm² |
| Pilot | 40 kg/cm² |
* Hydraulic cylinders
High-strength steel piston rods and cylinder bodies. Shock-absorbing mechanism
fitted in all cylinders for shock-free operation and extended piston life.
| Cylinders | Quantity | Bore × rod diameter × stroke (mm) |
| One-piece boom | 2 | 110 × 75 × 1085 |
| Two-piece boom | 2 | 110 × 75 × 940 |
| Arm | 1 | 115 × 80 × 1108 |
| Arm, two-piece boom | 1 | 140 × 85 × 720 |
| Bucket | 1 | 100 × 70 × 900 |
| Bucket, two-piece boom | 1 | 140 × 85 × 720 |
* Weight
| DX140LC-5 | |||
| Shoe width (mm) | Operating weight (t) | Ground pressure (kgf/cm²) | |
| 600 (Std) | 14.4 | 0.37 | |
| Triple grouser | 500 | 14.2 | 0.43 |
| 700 | 14.6 | 0.32 | |
| Rubber | 500 | 14.1 | 0.43 |
* Component weights
| Item | Unit | DX140LC-5 | Remarks |
| Upper structure without front | kg | 6927 | With counterweight |
| Lower structure assembly | kg | 5043 | |
| Front assembly | kg | 2434 | |
| Counterweight | kg | 2200 | |
| Boom | mm / kg | 4600 / 767 | Including bushing |
| Boom, two piece | mm / kg | 4980 / 592 + 384 | |
| Arms | mm / kg | 2100 / 370 – 2500 / 414 – 3000 / 465 | Including bushing |
* Swing mechanism
The swing mechanism uses an axial piston motor, driving a 2-stage planetary reduction gear bathed in oil for maximum torque.
- Swing bearing: single-row, shear type ball bearing with induction hardened internal gear
- Internal gear and pinion immersed in lubricant
| * Swing speed & torque | DX140LC-5 |
| Maximum swing speed | 10.7 rpm |
| Maximum swing torque | 4800 kgf/m |
* Drive
Each track is driven by an independent, high-torque axial piston motor through a planetary reduction gearbox. Two levers / foot pedals guarantee smooth travel with counter-rotation on demand. The track frame protects the travel motor, brake and planetary gears. The multi-disc track brakes are spring-applied and hydraulic released.
| * Speed & traction | DX140LC-5 |
| Travel speed (low - high) | 3.0 - 5.0 km/h |
| Maximum traction | 16.3 t |
| Maximum gradeability | 35° / 70% |
* Fluid capacities
| DX140LC-5 | |
| Fuel tank | 265 l |
| Cooling system (radiator) | 25 l |
| Urea (def) tank | 19 l |
| Hydraulic oil tank | 150 l |
| Engine oil | 8 l |
| Swing drive | 3 l |
| Travel device | 2 × 2 l |
* Cab
The air-conditioning and heating systems are integrated for optimal climate control. An automatically-controlled fan supplies the pressurised and filtered cab air, which is distributed throughout the cab from multiple vents. The heated air suspension, adjustable operator’s seat includes a seat belt. The operator can adjust the ergonomic seat and joystick console separately according to his preferences.
* Noise emission
| DX140LC-5 | |
| A-weighted emission sound pressure | |
| level at the operator’s position, LpAd (ISO 6396:2008) | 70 dB(A) |
| A-weighted sound power level, LwAd | Declared : 101 dB(A) |
| (2000/14/EC) | Measured : 99 dB(A) |
Note – Declared single-number noise emission values are the sum of measured values and the associated uncertainty, and they represent upper boundaries of the range of values which is likely to occur in measurements.